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Sains Malaysiana 53(2)(2024): 267-283
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-03
Virgin
Coconut Oil and Palm Tocotrienol Supplementation:
Effects on Lipid Parameters of Experimental Rats
(SuplementasiMinyak Kelapa Dara dan Tokotrienol Sawit: Kesan ke atas Parameter Lipid pada Tikus Kajian)
NORHAYATI-AIDA SULAIMAN1,
AZMAN ABDULLAH1, ZAR CHI THENT2 & QODRIYAH HAJI MOHD
SAAD1,*
1Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
2Albert
Einstein College of Medicine (AECOM), Orthopaedic Surgery, New York, USA
Received: 18 July 2023/Accepted: 18
January 2024
Abstract
Virgin
coconut oil (VCO) and palm tocotrienol (TT) possess
cholesterol-regulating properties, but their combined effects remained
unexplored. Thus, this study aims to determine their individual and combination
effects on lipid parameters in ovariectomised (OVX)
rats on hypercholesterolemic diet. Female
Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomised except for
the sham group, assigned into (i) sham-operated fed
with basal rat diet, (ii) OVX control, (iii) V1 (OVX + VCO 1.43 mL/kg), (iv) V2
(OVX + VCO 4.29 mL/kg), (v) TT (OVX + TT 30 mg/kg), (vi) V1+TT (OVX + VCO 1.43
mL/kg + TT 30 mg/kg) and (vii) V2+TT (OVX + VCO 4.29 mL/kg + TT 30 mg/kg).
Groups (ii) to (vii) were fed with 2% cholesterol mixed with five-time heated
palm oil. VCO and TT alone or in combination reduced food intake, visceral fat
weight, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and
HMG-CoA reductase activity significantly (p<0.05 vs the OVX control). HDL
was reduced significantly in V1, V2, and V1+TT compared to the TT and V2+TT
(p<0.05). The increase in LDL was the lowest in V1 compared to other groups
(p<0.05). V2 and TT significantly reduced total cholesterol compared to
other supplementations (p<0.05). All supplementations were found to reduce
triglyceride compared to the OVX control group (p<0.05). The increase in apolipoprotein A was higher in V2+TT than other groups
(p<0.05). The reduction in apolipoprotein B was
higher in V1+TT and V2+TT than the V1, V2 and TT. VCO and TT exerted beneficial
effects on lipid parameters, but the efficacy was not better than individual
agents.
Keywords: Cholesterol
diet; heated palm oil; lipid profile; tocotrienol;
virgin coconut oil
Abstrak
Minyak kelapa dara (VCO) dan
Kata kunci: Diet kolesterol; minyak kelapa dara; minyak sawit dipanaskan; profil lipid; tokotrienol
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*Corresponding author; email: qodryrz@ppukm.ukm.edu.my
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